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Anonim Şirketlerin Avukat Bulundurma Zorunluluğu Var Mıdır ?

Anonim Şirketlerin Avukat Bulundurma Zorunluluğu Var Mıdır ?

   

Anonim Şirketlerin Sözleşmeli Avukat Bulundurmaları Zorunludur. 

 

Anonim şirketlerde, 1136 Sayılı Avukatlık Kanunu 35. maddesi'nin getirmiş olduğu sorumluluk gereğince, esas sermaye miktarı 250.00 TL ve üzerinde bulunan Anonim Şirketler sözleşmeli avukat bulundurmak zorundadırlar.

 

Bu zorunluluk, kuruluş sermayesi 250.00 TL ve üzerinde olan Anonim Şirketlerde, şirketin tüzel kişilik kazanması ile birlikte, kuruluş esas sermayesi 250.00 TL nin altında olmakla beraber sonradan 250.00 TL sınırını geçen Anonim Şirketler'de sermaye artırımına ilişkin genel kurul kararının, ticaret siciline tescil ettirildiği anda doğar. Esas sermaye miktarı 250.00 TL nin altında olan Anonim Şirketler için ise bu zorunluluk yoktur.

 

Kanuna Uymayan Şirketlere Yüklü Miktarda Para Cezası Var.!!!

 

Şirketlere bir avukatla sözleşme yapmadıkları her ay için asgari ücretin iki aylık brüt tutarı kadar idari para cezası kesilmeye başlandı. Bu da yıllık 35 bin lirayı aşan bir ceza anlamına geliyor. Geriye dönük incelemeler de başlatılırken, şimdiden 150 bin lirayı bulan ceza alan şirketler oldu.

 

Sözleşmeli avukatlara, 2016 yılında ödenecek asgarî aylık ücret 1.500 TL olarak belirlenmiştir. Avukatlık Asgari Ücret Tarifesi’ne göre, takip edilen dava, takip ve işlerde tarifeye göre hesaplanacak vekalet ücretinin, yıllık avukatlık ücreti olan 18 bin TL’den fazla olması durumunda, aradaki eksik miktar avukata ayrıca ödenecektir.

 

Esas sermayesi 250 bin TL ve üzeri olduğu halde sözleşmeli avukat bulundurma yükümlülüğünü yerine getirmeyen anonim şirketlere, Cumhuriyet Savcısı tarafından, sözleşmeli avukat tayin etmedikleri her ay için, sanayi sektöründe çalışan 16 yaşından büyük işçiler için suç tarihinde yürürlükte bulunan, asgarî ücretin iki aylık brüt tutarı kadar idarî para cezası verilecektir. Diğer bir deyişle, sözleşmeli avukat bulundurma yükümlülüğünü yerine getirmeyen anonim şirketlere, her ay için, 01/01/2014-30/06/2014 döneminde 2 bin 142 TL, 01/07/2014- 31/12/2014 döneminde de 2 bin268 TL idarî para cezası uygulanacaktır. Örneğin; 2014 yılının Temmuz ayında sözleşmeli avukat bulundurma zorunluluğu doğduğu halde üç ay boyunca sözleşmeli avukat bulundurmayan bir anonim şirkete, 6.804 TL idarî para cezası verilecektir. Esas sermaye miktarı 250 bin TL ve üzerinde olan anonim şirketlere getirilen bu zorunluluk birçok eleştiriye konu olmuştur.

 

Bu eleştiriler genelde, söz konusu zorunluluğun diğer ticaret şirketlerine getirilmediği, 10 milyon TL sermayeye sahip bir limited şirketin avukat bulundurma zorunluluğu yokken 250 bin TL sermayeye sahip anonim şirketlerin zorunluluk kapsamına alındığı, bu zorunluluğun anonim şirketlerin sadece bir kısmını kapsadığı, bu haliyle şirket türleri arasında bir ayrım yaparak ve sermaye kriteri koyarak yapılan bu tasnifin objektif, hukuki ve hakkaniyetli olmadığı, ayrıca şirketleri sözleşme yapmaya zorlayarak Anayasa’da güvence altına alınan sözleşme yapma serbestisine aykırılık teşkil ettiği yönünde olmuştur. Bu eleştiriler üzerine konu Anayasa Mahkemesi’ne de taşınmış, Yüksek Mahkeme’de 30/06/2011 tarihli ve E.2010/10, K.2011/110 sayılı kararında, Avukatlık Kanunu’nun 35. maddesinin anonim şirketler yönünden, Anayasa’ya aykırı olmadığına hükmederek bu eleştirilere bir son vermiştir. Dolayısıyla, anılan yasa hükmünün halihazırda yürürlükte olduğu dikkate alınarak, yüklü miktarda idarî para cezalarına muhatap olmamak için, esas sermayesi 250 bin TL ve üzerinde olan ya da sermaye artırımı sonrasında bu miktara ulaşacak veya aşacak olan anonim şirketlerin yönetim kurullarının, sözleşmeli avukat bulundurma yükümlülüğüne uymaları menfaatlerine olacaktır.

   

Av.Hüseyin ACAR (huseyinacar@resithukuk.com)